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A DNA profile of species-specific microsatellite markers is obtained from the offspring, potential dam, and potential sire(s), and parentage analysis is performed using this data. In this process, a computer program compares the DNA profile of the offspring to the profiles of the presumed parents. Candidate sires and dams may either qualify or be excluded as parents based on whether they share microsatellite marker alleles with the offspring. A parentage analyst then reviews the results and sends the final report. If a listed parent or parents are excluded, additional analysis is performed, including retesting of samples and the possible use of additional DNA markers to confirm the exclusion.
You can read more about the process of DNA parentage analysis HERE.
In water buffalo, the following microsatellite markers are reported:
TGLA227
BM1225
BMS1117
BM4107
BM757
BM1862
TGLA322
INRA35
MCM58
BM203
TGLA94
SPS113
BM888
BM6506
BMS410
RM372
BMS2639
BMS1857
INRA133
CSSM42
RM006
BM2113
CYP21
MAF209
BM4513
BMC3224